Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential for the normal growth, development, and functioning of the human body. They play critical roles in various metabolic processes, including energy production, immune system support, bone health, and wound healing. There are 13 essential vitamins divided into two categories: fat-soluble (A, D, E, and K) and water-soluble (B-complex vitamins and vitamin C). Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body's fatty tissues and liver, while water-soluble vitamins are not stored and need to be replenished regularly through diet. Each vitamin has specific functions—for instance, vitamin A supports vision, vitamin D helps in calcium absorption, and B vitamins are vital for energy metabolism.
Vitamins are primarily obtained through a balanced diet that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, dairy, and lean proteins. However, deficiencies can occur due to poor dietary habits, certain medical conditions, or lifestyle factors, leading to health issues such as scurvy (vitamin C deficiency), rickets (vitamin D deficiency), or anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency). In such cases, vitamin supplements may be recommended under medical supervision. The demand for vitamin-fortified foods and dietary supplements has increased globally due to rising health awareness and preventive healthcare trends. Despite their benefits, excessive intake of vitamins—especially fat-soluble ones—can lead to toxicity, highlighting the importance of balanced consumption.
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